Table 1 Basic characteristics of respondents at baseline and endline

Ward	Villages	Baseline (0)		Endline (1)		χ2 or t-value
		Sample (n) or mean	% or SD	Sample (n) or mean	% or SD
Garsen North	Vumbwe	41	26.8	34	20.5	10.918
	Mikameni	11	7.2	23	13.9
	Sailoni	17	11.1	15	9.0
Kipini East	Kizuliani	8	5.2	18	10.8
	Tosi	8	5.2	14	8.4
	Kaloleni	24	15.7	19	11.4
	Shauri Moyo	19	12.4	18	10.8
	Uenze	15	9.8	13	7.8
	Luvu	10	6.5	12	7.2
Total		153	100.0	166	100.0
Gender of household head
- Male (0)- Female (1)		12924	84.315.7	11353	68.131.9	10.599**
# of family members		6.412	2.834	6.958	2.535	–1.808
Age of respondent		43.216	13.429	44.590	12.882	–0.931
Occupation of respondent
- Farmer- Farmer plus paid work- Paid work- Other		146214	95.41.30.72.6	156307	94.01.80.04.2	1.823
Agricultural income (Ksh)		23,374.2	76,093.7	22,720.9	51,539.9	0.089