Table 13 Perception difference on the empirical risk factors

Var.code	Level of frequency of occurrence				Level of severity of effects on the project
	Mean of responses from		Mann Whitney U test	Cronbach’s alpha	Mean of responses from		Mann Whitney U test	Cronbach’s alpha
	Owner (KOICA)	CM	Mann Whitney U test	Cronbach’s alpha	Owner (KOICA)	CM	Mann Whitney U test	Cronbach’s alpha
P01	3.33	2.50	.064	.845	4.17	3.00	.006^**	.737
P02	3.00	2.20	.024^*		4.17	3.50	.051
P06	3.61	2.60	.009^**		3.89	3.20	.057
D07	3.39	3.00	.245	.848	4.17	3.40	.016^*	.841
D08	3.11	2.30	.035^*	.848	3.33	3.70	.226	.841
B02	2.78	3.80	.031^*	.820	3.67	4.70	.004^**	.802
B05	3.44	2.50	.018^*		4.06	3.30	.045^*
B09	2.94	2.40	.265		3.50	2.70	.027^*
Var.code
P01	Inadequate understanding of the recipient country’s needs & demands
P02	Inadequate survey on the prospective project site and improper suggestion on the site selection
P06	Inadequate survey on the local construction environment
D07	Improper cost estimates
D08	Unclearly specified undertakings & exclusion out of the contractor’s SOW
B02	Inappropriate method to select a preferred bidder
B05	An incorrect budget estimate published at a bid announcement
B09	An inappropriate clause of the priority of design documents (drawings, specification, BOQ)

p<.05,
p<.01 (two-tailed test).
Note: CM, Construction Manager.